Abstract:  Machine learning permeates our daily lives — performing tasks from identifying the people in a photograph to suggesting the next big purchase — but how will it change the ways that astronomers do research?  Recent machine learning (ML)-based astronomy research has offered enticing improvements in the ways we can interpret data. I will highlight several ways that ML and other data science techniques can be used to draw inferences from cosmological large scale structure, focusing on results that address tensions in the standard cosmological model.  Looking ahead, I'll discuss ways that cosmology and ML research can move forward together, taking advantage of astronomy's upcoming unprecedented data volumes.